{"id":505499,"date":"2024-01-07T09:57:39","date_gmt":"2024-01-07T09:57:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quantumai.co\/understanding-bqp-in-quantum-computing\/"},"modified":"2025-08-04T20:53:12","modified_gmt":"2025-08-04T20:53:12","slug":"%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e3%82%b3%e3%83%b3%e3%83%94%e3%83%a5%e3%83%bc%e3%83%86%e3%82%a3%e3%83%b3%e3%82%b0%e3%81%ab%e3%81%8a%e3%81%91%e3%82%8bbqp%e3%81%ae%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/quantumaieu.com\/ja\/%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e3%82%b3%e3%83%b3%e3%83%94%e3%83%a5%e3%83%bc%e3%83%86%e3%82%a3%e3%83%b3%e3%82%b0%e3%81%ab%e3%81%8a%e3%81%91%e3%82%8bbqp%e3%81%ae%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bBQP\u306e\u7406\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u9032\u5316\u3057\u3064\u3065\u3051\u308b \"\u4e16\u754c \"\u3092\u63a2\u6c42\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 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<b>\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0<\/b>.\u6b63\u5f0f\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u554f\u984c\u304cBQP\u306e\u7bc4\u7587\u306b\u5165\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u30923\u5206\u306e2\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u3067\u89e3\u3051\u308b\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u306e\u95be\u5024\u306f\u3001BQP\u306e\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u51e6\u7406\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002 <b>\u91cf\u5b50\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u8a02\u6b63<\/b> BQP\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u305f\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>BQP\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u554f\u984c\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u6027\u8cea<\/h3>\n<p><b>\u6c7a\u65ad\u306e\u554f\u984c<\/b> 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<b>\u91cf\u5b50\u8907\u96d1\u6027\u7406\u8ad6<\/b>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u9032\u6b69\u306f\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u8003\u5bdf\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u304c\u7d04\u675f\u3059\u308b\u771f\u306e\u529b\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3001\u304b\u3064\u3066\u306f\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u554f\u984c\u3092\u89e3\u304d\u660e\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3068\u30b5\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u30d5\u30ed\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\u3092\u958b\u62d3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u91cf\u5b50\u56de\u8def\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068BQP\u306e\u63a2\u6c42<\/h2>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u65c5\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3060\u3002 <b>\u91cf\u5b50\u56de\u8def\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb<\/b>BQP\uff08\u30d0\u30a6\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\uff09\u306e\u904b\u7528\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u57fa\u790e\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 <b>\u91cf\u5b50\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u6642\u9593<\/b>).\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u30b2\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u4f5c\u88fd\u3068\u5b9f\u884c\u306e\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u30dc\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u61a7\u308c\u306e\u30de\u30a4\u30eb\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308b \"\u91cf\u5b50\u30b2\u30fc\u30c8 \"\u3078\u3068\u8fd1\u3065\u3051\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u3002 <b>\u91cf\u5b50\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><picture class=\"edge-images-container\" style=\"--content-visibility: auto; --height: 585px; --max-width: 1024px; --width: 1024px\"><img alt=\"\u4e00\u69d8\u91cf\u5b50\u56de\u8def\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-505501 edge-images-processed\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"585\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"https:\/\/quantumai.b-cdn.net\/width=650,height=371,aspect_ratio=force,quality=85,format=auto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/uniform-quantum-circuits.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quantumai.b-cdn.net\/width=650,height=371,aspect_ratio=force,quality=85,format=auto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/uniform-quantum-circuits.jpg 650w, https:\/\/quantumai.b-cdn.net\/width=975,height=557,aspect_ratio=force,quality=85,format=auto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/uniform-quantum-circuits.jpg 975w, https:\/\/quantumai.b-cdn.net\/width=1300,height=742,aspect_ratio=force,quality=85,format=auto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/uniform-quantum-circuits.jpg 1300w\" title=\"\u4e00\u69d8\u91cf\u5b50\u56de\u8def\" width=\"1024\"><\/picture><\/p>\n<h3>BQP\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u91cf\u5b50\u56de\u8def\u306e\u5f79\u5272<\/h3>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u56de\u8def\u306f\u3001\u307e\u3055\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u9818\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u672c\u8cea\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 <b>\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66<\/b>.\u4e8c\u9032\u6cd5\u3067\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u56de\u8def\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u56de\u8def\u306f\u91cf\u5b50\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u529b\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30b2\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u30b7\u30fc\u30b1\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u5909\u63db\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u3002 <em>\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u3067\u306f\u5b9f\u73fe\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u8a08\u7b97\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30b7\u30f3\u30d5\u30a9\u30cb\u30fc\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c <em>\u91cf\u5b50\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/em>\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u6700\u5148\u7aef\u306e\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u3067\u3055\u3048\u5230\u9054\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u554f\u984c\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u91cf\u5b50\u56de\u8def\u306e\u4e00\u69d8\u65cf\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b<\/h3>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u628a\u63e1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002 <em>\u4e00\u69d8\u91cf\u5b50\u56de\u8def<\/em>.\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3044\u3046\u300c\u5747\u4e00\u6027\u300d\u3068\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u56de\u8def\u306e\u30ec\u30a4\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3001\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30e9\u30d3\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u8a08\u7b97\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u5747\u4e00\u6027\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u6027\u3068\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u304c\u640d\u306a\u308f\u308c\u3001\u3088\u308a\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u554f\u984c\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3002 <b>\u91cf\u5b50\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u56de\u8def\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>\u30a2\u30b9\u30da\u30af\u30c8<\/th>\n<th>\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/th>\n<th>\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u6570<\/td>\n<td>\u8a08\u7b97\u3068\u554f\u984c\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u306e\u898f\u6a21\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002<\/td>\n<td>\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u554f\u984c\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30b2\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30d5\u30a3\u30c7\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3<\/td>\n<td>\u91cf\u5b50\u6f14\u7b97\u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3068\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u7387\u3092\u53cd\u6620<\/td>\n<td>\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u3001\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u3053\u3068<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u56de\u8def\u306e\u6df1\u3055<\/td>\n<td>\u5b9f\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u9023\u7d9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u306e\u6570\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n<td>\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c9\u3068\u52b9\u7387\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5747\u4e00\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u554f\u984c\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u3067\u3082\u56de\u8def\u69cb\u6210\u306e\u4e00\u8cab\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd<\/td>\n<td>\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u3067\u518d\u73fe\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u624b\u9806\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u7d50\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u9818\u57df\u306f\u5e83\u5927\u3067\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306b\u6e80\u3061\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 <b>\u91cf\u5b50\u56de\u8def\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb<\/b> \u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5802\u3005\u3068\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081 <em>\u4e00\u69d8\u91cf\u5b50\u56de\u8def<\/em>\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u753b\u671f\u7684\u306a\u9032\u6b69\u3078\u306e\u9053\u3092\u5207\u308a\u958b\u304d\u7d9a\u3051\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30be\u30af\u30be\u30af\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9802\u70b9\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3057\u3066\u7a81\u304d\u9032\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3002 <em>\u91cf\u5b50\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2>BQP\uff08\u5883\u754c\u8aa4\u5dee\u91cf\u5b50\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u6642\u9593\uff09\u306e\u8aac\u660e<\/h2>\n<p>\u9032\u5316\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u3001 <em>\u5883\u754c\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u91cf\u5b50\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u6642\u9593<\/em> (<strong>\u30d3\u30fc\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30d4\u30fc<\/strong>)\u306f\u3001\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u969b\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002BQP\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u554f\u984c\u3092\u6b63\u78ba\u304b\u3064\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u5177\u73fe\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6211\u3005\u306f\u3001BQP\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b <strong>\u30d3\u30fc\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30d4\u30fc<\/strong>\u305d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u306f <strong>\u91cf\u5b50\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u6642\u9593<\/strong>\u305d\u3057\u3066 <strong>\u91cf\u5b50\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u8a02\u6b63<\/strong> \u30ed\u30d0\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6280\u8853 <strong>\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0<\/strong>.\u6211\u3005\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3067\u306f\u3001BQP\u3092\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u793a\u3059\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u3068\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u7de9\u548c\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u878d\u5408\u3092\u8003\u616e\u306b\u5165\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>BQP\u306e\u6838\u5fc3\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u554f\u984c\u306e\u95be\u5024\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 <b>\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u6642\u9593<\/b> \u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001BQP\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u7d50\u8ad6\u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c1\/3\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u8907\u6570\u56de\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u3001\u591a\u6570\u6c7a\u539f\u7406\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u6e1b\u3089\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30c1\u30a7\u30eb\u30ce\u30d5\u675f\u7e1b\u306b\u652f\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3053\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306f\u3001BQP\u306e\u5f3e\u529b\u6027\u3068\u9069\u5fdc\u6027\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u91cf\u5b50\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u8a02\u6b63<\/strong> \u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u3068\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u4fdd\u8b77\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u771f\u306e\u5b9f\u529b\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u51e6\u7406\u3068\u7dbf\u5bc6\u306a\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u4e8c\u91cd\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u3002 <b>\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u524a\u6e1b<\/b>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u7dcf\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u9069\u6027\u306e\u6b21\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u3078\u3068\u5c0e\u3044\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u4e0b\u306e\u8868\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306bBQP\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3066\u8a08\u7b97\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>\u539f\u5247<\/th>\n<th>\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/th>\n<th>\u30d9\u30cd\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30c8<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u6642\u9593<\/td>\n<td>\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u554f\u984c\u306e\u8fc5\u901f\u306a\u8a08\u7b97\u304c\u53ef\u80fd<\/td>\n<td>\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u554f\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306a\u51e6\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5883\u754c\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u78ba\u7387<\/td>\n<td>\u8a08\u7b97\u304c\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u306b\u306a\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n<td>\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u591a\u6570\u6c7a (<b>\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u524a\u6e1b<\/b>)<\/td>\n<td>\u53cd\u5fa9\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u306e\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u5316<\/td>\n<td>\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u306e\u5411\u4e0a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30c1\u30a7\u30eb\u30ce\u30d5\u30fb\u30d0\u30a6\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/td>\n<td>\u91cf\u5b50\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u5b89\u5b9a\u5316<\/td>\n<td>\u91cf\u5b50\u30ce\u30a4\u30ba\u304c\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u4e00\u8cab\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>BQP\u304c\u91cf\u5b50\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u9032\u5316\u3092\u5c0e\u304f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3060\u3002BQP\u3092\u5b8c\u6210\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067 <b>\u91cf\u5b50\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u8a02\u6b63<\/b> BQP\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u8853\u306e\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u790e\u77f3\u3067\u3042\u308a\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3068BQP\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2<\/h2>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u9818\u57df\u3078\u306e\u6211\u3005\u306e\u65c5\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u3001BQP\uff08\u5883\u754c\u8aa4\u5dee\u91cf\u5b50\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u6642\u9593\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8a08\u7b97\u5883\u754c\u3068\u8868\u88cf\u4e00\u4f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u539f\u7406\u306b\u88cf\u6253\u3061\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u30de\u30b7\u30f3\uff08\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\uff09\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u52d5\u4f5c\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8abf\u6574\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u6398\u308a\u4e0b\u3052\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u53cd\u5fa9\u7684\u306a\u6027\u8cea\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u63a2\u3063\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\u3002 <b>\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u524a\u6e1b<\/b>\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u306fBQP\u3068\u306e\u9023\u643a\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u91cf\u5b50\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u6a5f\u68b0\u304b\u3089BQP\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3078<\/h3>\n<p>\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002 <b>\u91cf\u5b50\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u6a5f\u68b0<\/b> \u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u305d\u306e\u672c\u9818\u3092\u767a\u63ee\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u306f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u73fe\u5b9f\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u57fa\u76e4\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u91cf\u5b50\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u7b26\u53f7\u5316\u3057\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u8ad6\u7406\u30b2\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u64cd\u4f5c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306fBQP\u306b\u9069\u5408\u3057\u305f\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u3078\u3068\u767a\u5c55\u3057\u3001\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u554f\u984c\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>BQP\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u53cd\u5fa9\u3068\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u524a\u6e1b<\/h3>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u719f\u7df4\u5ea6\u306e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30ed\u30d0\u30b9\u30c8\u306a\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 <b>\u53cd\u5fa9<\/b>.\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306f\u5c11\u3057\u305a\u3064\u7b54\u3048\u3092\u6539\u826f\u3057\u3001\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u306a\u89e3\u306b\u8fd1\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3002\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3073\u306b\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306f\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u3092\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u7121\u8996\u3067\u304d\u308b\u307b\u3069\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3059\u4e0a\u3067\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u76ee\u6a19\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30bb\u30d7\u30c8<\/th>\n<th>\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u524a\u6e1b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5f79\u5272<\/th>\n<th>BQP\u95a2\u4fc2\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u91cf\u5b50\u8ad6\u7406\u30b2\u30fc\u30c8<\/td>\n<td>\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u3001\u521d\u671f\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u7387\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306b\u6291\u3048\u308b<\/td>\n<td>BQP\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u5185\u3067\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u8a08\u7b97\u3092\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u3059\u308b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u91cf\u5b50\u91cd\u306d\u5408\u308f\u305b<\/td>\n<td>\u8907\u6570\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u63a2\u7d22\u3057\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u7d4c\u8def\u3092\u6700\u9069\u5316\u3059\u308b<\/td>\n<td>BQP\u3067\u89e3\u3051\u308b\u554f\u984c\u306e\u5e45\u304c\u5e83\u304c\u308b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8<\/td>\n<td>\u76f8\u95a2\u8a08\u7b97\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u51fa\u529b\u304c\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6d17\u7df4\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/td>\n<td>BQP\u5185\u306e\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u52b9\u7387\u306e\u5f37\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u8a02\u6b63\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9<\/td>\n<td>\u53cd\u5fa9\u5f8c\u306e\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u4fee\u6b63\u3057\u3001\u9996\u5c3e\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/td>\n<td>BQP\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u4e00\u8cab\u6027\u3068\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u91cf\u5b50\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u306f\u6df1\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3002 <b>BQP\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2<\/b> \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5f37\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 <b>\u53cd\u5fa9<\/b> \u305d\u3057\u3066\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u91cf\u5b50\u306e\u7279\u6027\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u5b66\u554f\u306e\u4e00\u5074\u9762\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5b9f\u7528\u7684\u306a\u91cf\u5b50\u306e\u8987\u6a29\u3078\u3068\u6211\u3005\u3092\u99c6\u308a\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>BQP\u3068\u4ed6\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3068\u306e\u533a\u5225<\/h2>\n<p>\u306e\u98a8\u666f\u3092\u63a2\u7d22\u3059\u308b\u3002 <b>\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u30af\u30e9\u30b9<\/b> \u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u5883\u754c\u8aa4\u5dee\u91cf\u5b50\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u6642\u9593(BQP)<\/strong> \u5f93\u6765\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3068\u306f\u4e00\u7dda\u3092\u753b\u3059 <b>\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u30af\u30e9\u30b9<\/b> \u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070 <strong>BPP<\/strong>, <strong>\u6295\u5f71\u9762\u7a4d<\/strong>\u305d\u3057\u3066 <strong>\u30bc\u30c3\u30c8\u30d4\u30fc\u30d4\u30fc<\/strong>.\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u533a\u5225\u306f\u6280\u8853\u7684\u306a\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u305a\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u3068\u8a08\u7b97\u79d1\u5b66\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306a\u98db\u8e8d\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 <b>\u91cf\u5b50\u60c5\u5831\u7406\u8ad6<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h3>BQP\u3068BPP\u3001RP\u3001ZPP\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3068\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03<\/h3>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u5206\u6790\u304b\u3089\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f <em>\u91cf\u5b50\u60c5\u5831\u7406\u8ad6<\/em> \u3092\u969b\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u30d3\u30fc\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30d4\u30fc<\/strong> \u4ed6\u304b\u3089 <b>\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u30af\u30e9\u30b9<\/b>.\u4e00\u65b9 <strong>BPP<\/strong> BQP\u306f\u3001\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u6642\u9593\u3067\u89e3\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u554f\u984c\u3067\u306e\u8aa4\u5dee\u3092\u8a31\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u3001BQP\u306e\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u78ba\u7387\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u675f\u7e1b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u78ba\u7387\u306e\u5168\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001 <strong>\u6295\u5f71\u9762\u7a4d<\/strong> (\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u6642\u9593)\u306f\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308c\u3070\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u304c\u3001\u614e\u91cd\u3055\u3092\u6b20\u304f\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u30bc\u30c3\u30c8\u30d4\u30fc\u30d4\u30fc<\/strong> (\u30bc\u30ed\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u78ba\u7387\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u6642\u9593\uff09\u306f\u3001\u975e\u7d42\u4e86\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u8a31\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306a\u3057\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001BQP\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u91cf\u5b50\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u91cf\u5b50\u60c5\u5831\u7406\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bBQP\u306e\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u7279\u5fb4<\/h3>\n<p>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u8108\u306e\u4e2d\u3067 <strong>\u91cf\u5b50\u60c5\u5831\u7406\u8ad6<\/strong>BQP\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\uff08qubits\uff09\u3092\u57fa\u76e4\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u306f\u91cd\u306d\u5408\u308f\u305b\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u540c\u6642\u8a08\u7b97\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7279\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u78ba\u7387\u8ad6\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u3067\u306f\u9054\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u9ad8\u78ba\u7387\u3067\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u554f\u984c\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6697\u53f7\u6280\u8853\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u7d20\u56e0\u6570\u5206\u89e3\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u306e\u9032\u6b69\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066 <strong>\u30d3\u30fc\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30d4\u30fc<\/strong> \u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u306f\u308b\u304b\u306b\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u79d8\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u30af\u30e9\u30b9<\/strong>\u7406\u8ad6\u8a08\u7b97\u79d1\u5b66\u3068\u5fdc\u7528\u8a08\u7b97\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u4e21\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u65b0\u6642\u4ee3\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30df\u30b9BQP\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u554f\u984c<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u306e\u98a8\u666f\u3092\u63a2\u308b <em>\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0<\/em>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30b3\u30f3\u30bb\u30d7\u30c8\u306b\u60f9\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002 <em>\u30d7\u30ed\u30df\u30b9BQP<\/em>.\u306e\u9818\u57df\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u7406\u8ad6<\/strong>\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u9b45\u529b\u7684\u306a\u30b5\u30d6\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3002 <em>\u304b\u3093\u305c\u3093\u3082\u3093\u3060\u3044<\/em>\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u540c\u3058\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u5185\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306b\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306b\u9084\u5143\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3092\u3088\u308a\u6df1\u304f\u6398\u308a\u4e0b\u3052\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8ab2\u984c\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3002 <b>\u30d7\u30ed\u30df\u30b9BQP<\/b> \u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u6211\u3005\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u30d5\u30ed\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\u3092\u524d\u9032\u3055\u305b\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\n<\/p>\n<p><picture class=\"edge-images-container\" style=\"--content-visibility: auto; --height: 585px; --max-width: 1024px; --width: 1024px\"><img alt=\"\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u554f\u984c\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-505502 edge-images-processed\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"585\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"https:\/\/quantumai.b-cdn.net\/width=650,height=371,aspect_ratio=force,quality=85,format=auto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Complete-Problems-in-Quantum-Computing.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quantumai.b-cdn.net\/width=650,height=371,aspect_ratio=force,quality=85,format=auto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Complete-Problems-in-Quantum-Computing.jpg 650w, https:\/\/quantumai.b-cdn.net\/width=975,height=557,aspect_ratio=force,quality=85,format=auto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Complete-Problems-in-Quantum-Computing.jpg 975w, https:\/\/quantumai.b-cdn.net\/width=1300,height=742,aspect_ratio=force,quality=85,format=auto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Complete-Problems-in-Quantum-Computing.jpg 1300w\" title=\"\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u554f\u984c\" width=\"1024\"><\/picture><\/p>\n<p>\n\u7279\u306b\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3001 <em>\u554f\u984c\u96c6<\/em> \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b <em>\u8fd1\u4f3cQ\u56de\u8def\u78ba\u7387<\/em> \u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u6df1\u9060\u306a\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6d6e\u304b\u3073\u4e0a\u304c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3002 <b>\u30d7\u30ed\u30df\u30b9BQP<\/b>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u554f\u984c\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u30fb\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u9032\u6b69\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5f37\u56fa\u306a\u57fa\u790e\u304c\u7bc9\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0<\/strong>.\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u96e3\u554f\u306f\u3001\u3082\u3057\u91cf\u5b50\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u8a2d\u8a08\u3057\u3066\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u96e3\u554f\u3092\u89e3\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u96e3\u554f\u3092\u89e3\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306b\u8d77\u56e0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 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<b>\u5b9f\u7528\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/b> BQP\u306e\u6210\u679c\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6697\u53f7\u6280\u8853\u3001\u89e3\u8aad\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u6697\u53f7\u5316\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u5b89\u5168\u78ba\u4fdd\u3001\u5275\u85ac\u306e\u52a0\u901f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u533b\u85ac\u54c1\u306e\u5909\u9769\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u6a5f\u68b0\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4eba\u5de5\u77e5\u80fd\u306e\u98db\u8e8d\u7684\u306a\u5f37\u5316\u306a\u3069\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304c\u751f\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9032\u6b69\u306f <b>\u5b9f\u7528<\/b> BQP\u306e\u6975\u3081\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u518d\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306b\u6e80\u3061\u305f\u672a\u6765\u3068\u6bd4\u985e\u306a\u304d\u8a08\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u6307\u3057\u793a\u3059\u9053\u6a19\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3002<\/p>\n<section 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<b>\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u30af\u30e9\u30b9<\/b> \u3088\u3046\u306a <b>BPP<\/b>, <b>\u6295\u5f71\u9762\u7a4d<\/b>\u305d\u3057\u3066 <b>\u30bc\u30c3\u30c8\u30d4\u30fc\u30d4\u30fc<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>\u91cf\u5b50\u60c5\u5831\u7406\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bBQP\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306f\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5185 <b>\u91cf\u5b50\u60c5\u5831\u7406\u8ad6<\/b>BQP\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3001\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u51cc\u99d5\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3067\u9ad8\u901f\u306a\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u554f\u984c\u3092\u89e3\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>\u30d7\u30ed\u30df\u30b9BQP\u3068\u306f\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>\u30d7\u30ed\u30df\u30b9BQP\u306f\u3001BQP\u306e\u30b5\u30d6\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u554f\u984c\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001BQP\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u554f\u984c\u304c\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u6642\u9593\u3067\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306b\u9084\u5143\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>BQP\u306f\u3001P\u3084BPP\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u8907\u96d1\u6027\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>BQP\u306b\u306f\u3001P\uff08\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u7684\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u6a5f\u68b0\u304c\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u6642\u9593\u3067\u89e3\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u554f\u984c\uff09\u3068BPP\uff08\u78ba\u7387\u8ad6\u7684\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u6642\u9593\u3067\u89e3\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u554f\u984c\uff09\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ad6\u7684\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u5316\u53e4\u5178\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3068\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u6027\u80fd\u3092\u767a\u63ee\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>BQP\u304cPSPACE\u306b\u5165\u308b\u610f\u7fa9\u306f\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4ee5\u6765 <b>PSPACE<\/b> \u306f\u3001P\u3084NP\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3001\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u91cf\u306e\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u7a7a\u9593\u3067\u89e3\u3051\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u5305\u542b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 <b>PSPACE<\/b> \u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u3001\u6307\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u7684\u306a\u7a7a\u9593\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u305b\u305a\u306b\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u554f\u984c\u306b\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306b\u5bfe\u51e6\u3067\u304d\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>\u91cf\u5b50\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306fBQP\u306e\u5c55\u671b\u306b\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u6a5f\u68b0\u3067\u306f\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u70b9\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u306f\u3001BQP\u554f\u984c\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u3068\u7cbe\u5ea6\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u91cf\u5b50\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u8a02\u6b63\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9032\u6b69\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>\u91cf\u5b50\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u8a02\u6b63\u304cBQP\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u3068\u306f\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u8a02\u6b63\u306f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u30b3\u30d2\u30fc\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\u3068\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6539\u826f\u3068\u5fdc\u7528\u306f\u3001\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001BQP\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u5b9f\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u30b7\u30ca\u30ea\u30aa\u3067\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u6271\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001BQP\u306e\u5148\u306b\u4f55\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff1f<\/h3>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p><b>\u30dd\u30b9\u30c8BQP<\/b> 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