{"id":505667,"date":"2025-06-20T16:12:32","date_gmt":"2025-06-20T16:12:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quantumai.co\/?p=505667"},"modified":"2025-06-20T16:12:32","modified_gmt":"2025-06-20T16:12:32","slug":"porovnani-platforem-quantum-volume-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/quantumaieu.com\/cs\/porovnani-platforem-quantum-volume-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed kvantov\u00e9ho objemu: srovn\u00e1n\u00ed platforem 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ve sv\u011bt\u011b kvantov\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f se \"kvantov\u00fd objem\" (QV) rychle st\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010d\u00edslem, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, jak v\u00fdkonn\u00fd kvantov\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d skute\u010dn\u011b je. Pro obchodn\u00edky to nen\u00ed jen technick\u00fd puch\u00fd\u0159 - je to potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1hled na n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 by mohly nov\u011b definovat anal\u00fdzu trhu, optimalizaci portfolia a modelov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik. Poj\u010fme si to rozebrat lidsky a pod\u00edvejme se, kter\u00e9 platformy v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b vedou v roce 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Co je to vlastn\u011b kvantov\u00fd objem?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edstavte si kvantov\u00fd objem jako ko\u0148skou s\u00edlu pro kvantov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. Nejde jen o to, kolik qubit\u016f stroj m\u00e1 - jde o to, jak dobr\u00e9 tyto qubity jsou, jak dob\u0159e spolupracuj\u00ed a jak hluboko m\u016f\u017ee syst\u00e9m spustit obvody, ne\u017e se v\u0161e rozpadne kv\u016fli chyb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Metrika zachycuje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Po\u010det qubit\u016f<\/strong> (kolik \"pruh\u016f\" m\u00e1te)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u00edra chybovosti<\/strong> (jak hladk\u00e1 je d\u00e1lnice)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u011brnost br\u00e1ny<\/strong> (jak p\u0159esn\u00e9 jsou jednotliv\u00e9 kroky)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>P\u0159ipojen\u00ed<\/strong> (jak dob\u0159e se propojuj\u00ed j\u00edzdn\u00ed pruhy)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee se sna\u017e\u00edte \u0159\u00eddit sportovn\u00ed v\u016fz na silnici s v\u00fdmoly. I kdy\u017e m\u00e1 800 kon\u00ed, nikam rychle nepojedete. Podobn\u011b kvantov\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d se spoustou qubit\u016f, ale vysokou chybovost\u00ed, nevy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. QV m\u011b\u0159\u00ed, jak velk\u00fd a slo\u017eit\u00fd kvantov\u00fd probl\u00e9m dok\u00e1\u017ee syst\u00e9m spolehliv\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161it - a \u0161k\u00e1luje exponenci\u00e1ln\u011b. Stroj, kter\u00fd zvl\u00e1dne 8qubitov\u00fd obvod o hloubce 8 vrstev, m\u00e1 QV 256 (2\u2078). Sta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159idat jen jeden dal\u0161\u00ed qubit a vrstvu a QV se zdvojn\u00e1sob\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2025 Quantum Volume Scorecard<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde je p\u0159ehled hlavn\u00edch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f od roku 2025:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<picture class=\"wp-block-image size-full edge-images-container\" style=\"--content-visibility: auto; --height: 650px; --max-width: 650px; --width: 650px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"650\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"https:\/\/quantumai.b-cdn.net\/width=650,height=650,aspect_ratio=force,quality=85,format=auto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/benchmarks.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-505669 edge-images-processed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quantumai.b-cdn.net\/width=650,height=650,aspect_ratio=force,quality=85,format=auto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/benchmarks.png 650w, https:\/\/quantumai.b-cdn.net\/width=975,height=975,aspect_ratio=force,quality=85,format=auto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/benchmarks.png 975w, https:\/\/quantumai.b-cdn.net\/width=1300,height=1300,aspect_ratio=force,quality=85,format=auto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/benchmarks.png 1300w\" \/><\/picture>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Platforma<\/th><th>Qubits<\/th><th>Quantum Volume \/ Benchmark<\/th><th>Pozn\u00e1mky<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>IBM (volavka, volavka)<\/strong><\/td><td>33 \/ 156<\/td><td>QV = 512<\/td><td>Stabiln\u00ed supravodiv\u00e1 platforma. D\u016fraz na postupn\u00fd a d\u016fsledn\u00fd pokrok.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Google (Vrba)<\/strong><\/td><td>105<\/td><td>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 QV, ale vysok\u00fd v\u00fdkon<\/td><td>Up\u0159ednost\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed opravy chyb a rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch architektur odoln\u00fdch proti chyb\u00e1m.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Rigetti (Ankaa-3)<\/strong><\/td><td>84<\/td><td>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 QV<\/td><td>Siln\u00e1 v\u011brnost (~99%) s pl\u00e1nem na 100+ qubit\u016f.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>IonQ (Forte)<\/strong><\/td><td>36<\/td><td>#AQ = 36<\/td><td>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jin\u00fd benchmark s n\u00e1zvem \"Algorithmic Qubits\".<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Quantinuum (H2)<\/strong><\/td><td>-<\/td><td>QV = 8 388 608<\/td><td>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je sv\u011btovou jedni\u010dkou v oblasti QV. Syst\u00e9m zachycen\u00fdch iont\u016f all-to-all.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Velk\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed? Quantinuum naprosto dominuje s objemem Quantum p\u0159es 8 milion\u016f. To je \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e u konkurence. Siln\u00fd je tak\u00e9 IonQ, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 benchmark odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed pou\u017eiteln\u00fd v\u00fdkon v re\u00e1ln\u00fdch algoritmech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na \u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch architektur\u00e1ch supravodiv\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f pracuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad spole\u010dnosti IBM a Google. Stroje s uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00fdmi ionty, jako jsou Quantinuum a IonQ, maj\u00ed sice m\u00e9n\u011b qubit\u016f, ale vynikaj\u00ed p\u0159esnost\u00ed a konektivitou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pro\u010d by se obchodn\u00edci m\u011bli zaj\u00edmat?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 se te\u010f pt\u00e1te: \"To je sice hezk\u00e9, ale jak to ovlivn\u00ed m\u011b jako obchodn\u00edka?\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde je n\u00e1vod, jak na to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>Optimalizace portfolia<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mnoho obchodn\u00edch strategi\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fdch optimaliza\u010dn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, jako je vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed portfolia s c\u00edlem minimalizovat riziko a maximalizovat v\u00fdnos. Kvantov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de jsou jedine\u010dn\u011b vhodn\u00e9 k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto druh\u016f kombinatorick\u00fdch v\u00fdzev pomoc\u00ed algoritm\u016f, jako je QAOA (Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm). Pot\u0159ebujete v\u0161ak <em>dostate\u010dn\u011b vysok\u00e9 QV<\/em> \u0159e\u0161it tyto probl\u00e9my ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. \u010c\u00edm lep\u0161\u00ed je kvantov\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, t\u00edm v\u00edce prom\u011bnn\u00fdch (z\u00e1sob, aktiv, omezen\u00ed) dok\u00e1\u017ee zvl\u00e1dnout, ani\u017e by se zhroutil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>Modelov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik a simulace Monte Carlo<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Simulace Monte Carlo se ve financ\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u0161ude - od oce\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed opc\u00ed a\u017e po modelov\u00e1n\u00ed rizika chvostu. Klasick\u00e9 simulace vy\u017eaduj\u00ed tis\u00edce a\u017e miliony n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch vzork\u016f. Kvantov\u00e9 verze v\u0161ak mohou dos\u00e1hnout stejn\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti s men\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem vzork\u016f d\u00edky algoritm\u016fm, kter\u00e9 dosahuj\u00ed <em>kvadratick\u00e9 zrychlen\u00ed<\/em>. To znamen\u00e1 rychlej\u0161\u00ed, levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi - zejm\u00e9na u stroj\u016f s vysok\u00fdm KV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>Quantum AI v obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kvantov\u00e9 strojov\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed (Quantum Machine Learning, QML) je st\u00e1le v plenk\u00e1ch, ale za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed se objevovat kvantov\u011b nativn\u00ed neuronov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b a transform\u00e1tory. Ty by jednoho dne mohly d\u00e1vat smysl obrovsk\u00fdm, za\u0161um\u011bn\u00fdm a v\u00edcerozm\u011brn\u00fdm tr\u017en\u00edm dat\u016fm rychleji ne\u017e klasick\u00e9 modely. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte o pou\u017eit\u00ed <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/quantumaieu.com\/cs\/\"   title=\"quantum AI\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">quantum AI<\/a> detekovat tr\u017en\u00ed anom\u00e1lie nebo reagovat na n\u00e1hl\u00e9 cenov\u00e9 zm\u011bny v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase - to v\u0161ak op\u011bt vy\u017eaduje spolehliv\u00fd a \u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u00fd kvantov\u00fd hardware.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>Generov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel a kryptografie<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kvantov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my generuj\u00ed n\u00e1hodnost p\u0159irozen\u011b. To je skv\u011bl\u00e9 pro bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 generov\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f nebo pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel pro simulace, na kter\u00fdch z\u00e1vis\u00ed mnoho finan\u010dn\u00edch model\u016f. Stroj s vysok\u00fdm QV zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee n\u00e1hodnost nen\u00ed jen rychl\u00e1 - je d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e1 a statisticky spolehliv\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kam to v\u0161echno sm\u011b\u0159uje?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1r\u016fst kvantov\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f n\u00e1m \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 n\u011bco d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho - kvantov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de se rychle st\u00e1vaj\u00ed schopn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00ed kvantov\u00e9ho objemu znamen\u00e1, \u017ee k probl\u00e9mu lze spolehliv\u011b p\u0159idat jeden qubit nav\u00edc, neboli jednu dal\u0161\u00ed vrstvu slo\u017eitosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co bylo loni nemo\u017en\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt letos provediteln\u00e9. Proto velk\u00e9 hedgeov\u00e9 fondy, spr\u00e1vci aktiv a fintech laborato\u0159e v\u011bnuj\u00ed pozornost. Ne proto, \u017ee by kvantov\u00e1 technologie byla p\u0159ipravena <em>dnes<\/em>, ale proto, \u017ee z\u00edt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodu z\u00edskaj\u00ed firmy, kter\u00e9 za\u010dnou budovat kvantov\u00e9 schopnosti ji\u017e nyn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 my\u0161lenky<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kvantov\u00fd objem m\u016f\u017ee zn\u00edt jako laboratorn\u00ed metrika, ale pro obchodn\u00edky je to p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f po\u010das\u00ed - a obloha se rychle m\u011bn\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee platformy jako IBM, Google a Quantinuum nad\u00e1le posouvaj\u00ed hranice QV, o\u010dek\u00e1vejte, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edpady finan\u010dn\u00edho vyu\u017eit\u00ed budou m\u00e9n\u011b teoretick\u00e9 a v\u00edce re\u00e1ln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vysok\u00e9 QV znamen\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b chyb, hlub\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dty a smyslupln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdstupy. Z obchodn\u00edho hlediska je to rozd\u00edl mezi odhadem vzorce a jeho jasn\u00fdm vid\u011bn\u00edm p\u0159es \u0161um.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud tedy pracujete v oblasti financ\u00ed a je\u0161t\u011b jste se nenaladili na kvantov\u00fd sign\u00e1l, nyn\u00ed je ten spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u010das. Proto\u017ee za p\u00e1r let mohou tyto stroje bzu\u010d\u00edc\u00ed v zapr\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00edch vytv\u00e1\u0159et obchodn\u00ed modely nov\u00e9 generace, kter\u00e9 u\u017e testuj\u00ed va\u0161i konkurenti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ve sv\u011bt\u011b kvantov\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f se \"kvantov\u00fd objem\" (QV) rychle st\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010d\u00edslem, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, jak v\u00fdkonn\u00fd kvantov\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d skute\u010dn\u011b je. Pro obchodn\u00edky to nen\u00ed jen<a href=\"https:\/\/quantumaieu.com\/cs\/porovnani-platforem-quantum-volume-2025\/\">Pokra\u010dovat ve \u010dten\u00ed <span class=\"sr-only\">\"Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed kvantov\u00e9ho objemu: porovn\u00e1n\u00ed platforem 2025\"<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":505668,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-505667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-quantum-computing"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/quantumaieu.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/505667","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/quantumaieu.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/quantumaieu.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quantumaieu.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quantumaieu.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=505667"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/quantumaieu.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/505667\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quantumaieu.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/505668"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/quantumaieu.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=505667"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quantumaieu.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=505667"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quantumaieu.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=505667"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}